Blockade of ACK1/TNK2 To Squelch the Survival of Prostate Cancer Stem-like Cells

Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 31;8(1):1954. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20172-z.

Abstract

Prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) are not only enriched in the CD44+PSA-/lo subpopulation but also employ androgen-independent signaling mechanisms for survival. CD44+ PCSCs defy androgen deprivation, resist chemo- and radiotherapy and are highly tumorigenic. Human prostate tissue microarray (TMA) staining revealed an increased membranous staining of CD44 in the luminal compartment in higher grade G7-G9 tumors versus staining of the basal layer in benign hyperplasia. To uncover tyrosine kinase/s critical for the survival of the CD44+PSA-/lo subpopulation, we performed an unbiased screen targeting 87 tyrosine kinases with gene specific siRNAs. Among a subset of tyrosine kinases crucial for PCSC survival, was a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1/TNK2, a critical regulator of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) growth. Consistently, activated ACK1 as measured by phosphorylation at Tyr284 was significant in the CD44+PSA-/lo population. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition by ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9bMS mitigated CD44+PSA-/lo sphere formation, overcame resistance to radiation-induced cell death, induced significant apoptosis in PCSCs and inhibited CD44+PSA-/lo xenograft tumor growth in castrated mice suggesting dependency of PCSCs on ACK1 for survival. Thus, blockade of ACK1/TNK2 could be a new therapeutic modality to target recalcitrant PCSCs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Disease Progression
  • Humans
  • Hyaluronan Receptors / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / pathology*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Proteome / metabolism
  • Radiation Tolerance / drug effects
  • Spheroids, Cellular / drug effects
  • Spheroids, Cellular / metabolism
  • Spheroids, Cellular / pathology
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Hyaluronan Receptors
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Proteome
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • TNK2 protein, human