A high carbohydrate, but not fat or protein meal attenuates postprandial ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 responses in Chinese men

PLoS One. 2018 Jan 31;13(1):e0191609. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191609. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

It is known that the macronutrient content of a meal has different impacts on the postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal responses. Whether obesity interacts with such nutrient-dependent responses is not well characterized. We examined the postprandial appetite and satiety hormonal responses after a high-protein (HP), high-carbohydrate (HC), or high-fat (HF) mixed meal. This was a randomized cross-over study of 9 lean insulin-sensitive (mean±SEM HOMA-IR 0.83±0.10) and 9 obese insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR 4.34±0.41) young (age 21-40 years), normoglycaemic Chinese men. We measured fasting and postprandial plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), total peptide-YY (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin in response to HP, HF, or HC meals. Overall postprandial plasma insulin response was more robust in the lean compared to obese subjects. The postprandial GLP-1 response after HF or HP meal was higher than HC meal in both lean and obese subjects. In obese subjects, HF meal induced higher response in postprandial PYY compared to HC meal. HP and HF meals also suppressed ghrelin greater compared to HC meal in the obese than lean subjects. In conclusion, a high-protein or high-fat meal induces a more favorable postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal response than a high-carbohydrate meal in obese insulin-resistant subjects.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Asian People
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diet, High-Fat
  • Diet, High-Protein
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Fats / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage*
  • Ghrelin / blood*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / blood*
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Male
  • Obesity / blood
  • Obesity / diet therapy
  • Peptide YY / blood*
  • Postprandial Period / physiology
  • Satiety Response / physiology
  • Singapore
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Dietary Fats
  • Dietary Proteins
  • Ghrelin
  • Insulin
  • Peptide YY
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

Grants and funding

Funding for this study was provided by Endocrine & Metabolic Society of Singapore (EMSS 2015/02), and by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its NUHS-CG Metabolic Phenotyping Core Seed Funding (NMRC/CG/013/2013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.