Objective: To analyze the malaria control measures and epidemic trend in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015, so as to provide the evidence for malaria elimination path analysis.
Methods: The malaria control data in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively by descriptive epidemiological methods.
Results: The epidemic process of malaria in Hubei Province was divided into four stages. From 1974 to 1979, it was high prevalence state of malaria, and the average annual incidence was 174.47/10 000. From 1980 to 1999, the main control strategies were to control the infection source and mosquitoes, and the average annual incidence was 17.30/10 000, significantly downward. From 2000 to 2009, through the surveillance of infection sources and controlling malaria outbreaks and strengthening the floating population management, the average annual incidence was 0.42/10 000. After 2010, followed by the elimination phase of malaria, the incidence continued to decline. In 2013, there was no local infection for the first time. The difference of average annual incidence among above-mentioned stages was statistically significant (χ2 = 1 254.36, P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The malaria epidemic process in Hubei Provincial experienced the high epidemic stage, sharply drop stage, low incidence phase and the elimination phase. However, the natural factors affecting malaria still exist. Therefore, strengthening the control of imported malaria and surveillance should be the main task in the process of eliminating malaria in the future.
［摘要］目的 分析1974–2015年湖北省疟疾防治措施和流行趋势, 为消除疟疾路径分析提供依据。方法 回顾性收 集、整理1974–2015年湖北省疟疾防治资料, 采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 1974–2015年湖北省疟疾流 行历经4个阶段：1974–1979年为高发流行状态, 年平均发病率为174.47/万; 1980–1999年为控制及巩固阶段, 采取以控 制传染源和蚊媒为重点的防治策略, 疟疾发病率呈大幅下降趋势, 年平均发病率为17.30/万; 2000–2009年, 采取以传染 源监测和控制疟疾暴发流行为主的防治策略, 加强对流动人口管理, 年平均发病率为0.42/万, 呈继续平稳下降趋势; 2010 年之后为消除阶段, 发病率继续下降, 2013 年首次无本地感染病例。各阶段年均发病率差异有统计学意义 (c2 = 1 254.36, P < 0.05) 。结论 湖北省疟疾流行趋势历经了高发流行阶段、大幅度下降阶段、低发平稳阶段和消除疟 疾阶段, 但影响疟疾发生的自然因素并未完全改变, 加强输入性疟疾防控和全面监测工作是今后疟防工作的主要任务。.
Keywords: Epidemic trend; Hubei Province; Malaria; Prevention and control measure.