In silico methods - Computational alternatives to animal testing

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
• ² Berlin Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
• ³ German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁴ Berlin-Brandenburg Research Platform BB3R, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁵ Institute of Physiology, In-silico Toxicology Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁶ Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany.
• ⁷ Computational Systems Biology, Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany.
• ⁸ Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
• ⁹ German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany.
• ¹⁰ Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Belgium.
• ¹¹ Genetic Toxicology, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany.