Development of minimally invasive biomarkers is necessary for early detection, prognosis prediction, severity assessment and treatment monitoring in different kidney diseases. Recently, many studies have been conducted worldwide on marker proteins and micro RNA(miRNA)contained in urinary extracellular vesicles(EVs)including exosomes. This article reviews urinary EV-contained biomarkers, including proximal tubular endocytic receptor megalin, for kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.