Obesity and hypertension in Latin America: Current perspectives

Abstract

In the countries of Central America, South America and the Caribbean, there has been a dramatic rise in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in the last few decades. Epidemiological evidence highlights a consistent correlation between obesity and hypertension, and the presence of obesity predisposes an individual to a greater risk of hypertension although the mechanisms remain unclear. Obesity and hypertension are two key drivers of the cardio-renal disease continuum, and patients with uncontrolled cardiovascular risk in their mid-life will likely have an increased risk of clinical cardiovascular and renal outcomes in old age. This article summarizes the current status for the prevalence and consequences of obesity and hypertension in Latin America, with the aim of initiating a call to action to all stakeholders for greater implementation of primary prevention strategies, particularly in the young.

Keywords: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Caribbean; Caribe; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Hipertensión; Hypertension; Latin America; Latinoamérica; Metabolic syndrome; Obesidad; Obesity; Presión arterial; Síndrome metabólico.