Mechanistic Insight Facilitates Discovery of a Mild and Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Dehydration of Primary Amides to Nitriles Using Hydrosilanes

J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Feb 7;140(5):1627-1631. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b00643. Epub 2018 Jan 29.

Abstract

Metal-catalyzed silylative dehydration of primary amides is an economical approach to the synthesis of nitriles. We report a copper-hydride(CuH)-catalyzed process that avoids a typically challenging 1,2-siloxane elimination step, thereby dramatically increasing the rate of the overall transformation relative to alternative metal-catalyzed systems. This new reaction proceeds at ambient temperature, tolerates a variety of metal-, acid-, or base-sensitive functional groups, and can be performed using a simple ligand, inexpensive siloxanes, and low catalyst loading.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amides / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Dehydration
  • Hydrogen / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nitriles / chemical synthesis*
  • Nitriles / chemistry
  • Silanes / chemistry*

Substances

  • Amides
  • Nitriles
  • Silanes
  • Copper
  • Hydrogen