The mechanisms how heparin affects the tumor cell induced VEGF and chemokine release from platelets to attenuate the early metastatic niche formation

PLoS One. 2018 Jan 18;13(1):e0191303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191303. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer associated fatalities. Tumor cells leaving the primary tumor and entering the blood flow immediately interact with platelets. Activated platelets contribute in different ways to cancer cell survival and proliferation, e.g. in formation of the early metastatic niche by release of different growth factors and chemokines. Here we show that a direct interaction between platelets and MV3 melanoma or MCF7 breast cancer cells induces platelet activation and a VEGF release in citrated plasma that cannot be further elevated by the coagulation cascade and generated thrombin. In contrast, the release of platelet-derived chemokines CXCL5 and CXCL7 depends on both, a thrombin-mediated platelet activation and a direct interaction between tumor cells and platelets. Preincubation of platelets with therapeutic concentrations of unfractionated heparin reduces the tumor cell initiated VEGF release from platelets. In contrast, tumor cell induced CXCL5 and CXCL7 release from platelets was not impacted by heparin pretreatment in citrated plasma. In defibrinated, recalcified plasma, on the contrary, heparin is able to reduce CXCL5 and CXCL7 release from platelets by thrombin inhibition. Our data indicate that different chemokines and growth factors in diverse platelet granules are released in tightly regulated processes by various trigger mechanisms. We show for the first time that heparin is able to reduce the mediator release induced by different tumor cells both in a contact and coagulation dependent manner.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood Coagulation / drug effects
  • Blood Platelets / drug effects*
  • Blood Platelets / physiology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Chemokine CXCL5 / metabolism*
  • Heparin / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Platelet Activation / drug effects
  • Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism*
  • beta-Thromboglobulin / metabolism*

Substances

  • Chemokine CXCL5
  • PPBP protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • beta-Thromboglobulin
  • Heparin

Grants and funding

Experiments were primarily financed by budget resources of the Pharmaceutical Institute of University of Bonn. Experiments were partially supported by the Kirstin Diehl Stiftung, Neuwied, Germany. The funders (Kirstin Diehl Stiftung) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. There was no additional external funding received for this study, except Kirstin Diehl Stiftung.