Background: Patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery with suprarenal clamping are at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). We aimed to assess whether the stroke volume variation (SVV), a measure of hemodynamic instability, is associated with AKI in hypertensive patients undergoing elective AAA surgery with suprarenal clamping.
Methods: In a cohort of 51 hypertensive patients, we performed serial measurements of SVV (n = 459) and serum creatinine (sCr) (n = 255). AKI was defined according to the KDIGO clinical practice guidelines. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and regression analysis of time-integrated changes of both SVV and sCr.
Results: AKI developed in 45% of patients (stage 1: 31%; stage 2: 10%; stage 3: 2%). The diuresis during surgery (beta - 0.29 Z-score 95% [CI - 0.54, - 0.05]; p = 0.02), clamp time (beta 0.29 Z-score [0.05-0.52]; p = 0.02), and time-integrated changes in SVV from baseline to 12 h after surgery (beta 0.31 Z-score [0.03-0.60]; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of the time-integrated changes in sCr from baseline to 48 h after the end of surgery. In a model adjusted for age and sex, patients with AKI had an increased risk for MACCE during a mean follow-up of 3.5 ± 1.1 years (HR 5.53 [1.52-20.06]; p = 0.004).
Conclusions: SVV increases progressively during and after AAA surgery in subjects who will develop AKI. The increase of SVV precedes and predicts the rise in sCr and is a good discriminator of the development of AKI. AKI is associated with an increased long-term risk for MACCE.
Keywords: Abdominal aortic aneurysm; Acute kidney injury; Anesthesia; Hemodynamics; Hypertension.