Background/aim: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidneys fail to maintain phosphorus homeostasis in serum. Elevated phosphorus levels in serum have been associated with cardiovascular diseases in CKD patients and in normal individuals. In this study, we evaluated the level of autophagy- and apoptosis-related markers under different concentrations of hyperphosphate in myocardial cells.
Methods: Modulation inflicted on the levels of various survival-, autophagy-, and apoptosis-related markers were determined by Western blotting analysis using total protein extract. FITC-annexin V staining was performed to quantify the apoptotic cells in all groups.
Results: Hyperphosphate treatments showed to induce autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3 II through the pAMPK-ULK1 pathway in Western blotting analysis. Further, apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax, Bid, cytochrome c, and c-caspase-9 were also upregulated with hyperphosphate treatment. 3-Methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, inhibited apoptosis significantly in FITC-annexin V staining, and the inhibition of Bax, cytochrome c, and c-caspase-3 was shown by Western blotting.
Conclusion: The results suggest that hyperphosphate in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts would lead to cellular apoptosis via autophagy, which is mediated by the pAMPK signaling pathway. Our findings revealed the possible mechanism responsible for the heart damage under hyperphosphatemia.
Keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cardiorenal syndrome; Cardiovascular disease; Hyperphosphate.