Bulk metal concentrations versus total suspended solids in rivers: Time-invariant & catchment-specific relationships

PLoS One. 2018 Jan 17;13(1):e0191314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191314. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Suspended particles in rivers can act as carriers of potentially bioavailable metal species and are thus an emerging area of interest in river system monitoring. The delineation of bulk metals concentrations in river water into dissolved and particulate components is also important for risk assessment. Linear relationships between bulk metal concentrations in water (CW,tot) and total suspended solids (TSS) in water can be used to easily evaluate dissolved (CW, intercept) and particle-bound metal fluxes (CSUS, slope) in streams (CW,tot = CW + CSUS TSS). In this study, we apply this principle to catchments in Iran (Haraz) and Germany (Ammer, Goldersbach, and Steinlach) that show differences in geology, geochemistry, land use and hydrological characteristics. For each catchment, particle-bound and dissolved concentrations for a suite of metals in water were calculated based on linear regressions of total suspended solids and total metal concentrations. Results were replicable across sampling campaigns in different years and seasons (between 2013 and 2016) and could be reproduced in a laboratory sedimentation experiment. CSUS values generally showed little variability in different catchments and agree well with soil background values for some metals (e.g. lead and nickel) while other metals (e.g. copper) indicate anthropogenic influences. CW was elevated in the Haraz (Iran) catchment, indicating higher bioavailability and potential human and ecological health concerns (where higher values of CSUS/CW are considered as a risk indicator).

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Environmental Monitoring*
  • Metals / analysis*
  • Rivers / chemistry*
  • Suspensions
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Metals
  • Suspensions
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical

Grants and funding

This research was financially supported by the EU FP7 Collaborative Project GLOBAQUA (Grant Agreement no 603629) and the Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (Project P1: Rivers), funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.