Objective: To investigate the prevalence of calf muscle cramps and possible influencing factors for pregnant women in China. Methods: Using a multi-stage stratified probability proportional to size cluster randomization sampling method during 2010-2012. A total of 3 582 pregnant women were investigated at 150 counties from 31 provinces in China mainland. Information on calf muscle cramps, demographic socio-economic status, pregnancy information, and the physical activities was collected through questionnaires. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect food intake of pregnant women. Dynamic cluster analysis was used to assess dietary pattern. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the possible influencing factors for calf muscle cramps. Results: The prevalence of calf muscle cramps was 32.9% (1 180/3 582) in Chinese pregnant women, which was 11.6% (87/748), 28.2% (420/1 492), and 50.2% (673/1 342), respectively, during the first, second and third trimester. There were significant differences between them (χ(2)=349.16, P<0.001). Dietary patterns of the pregnant women were classified into three groups, which called relatively balanced pattern, high vegetables and fruits pattern, and high dairy pattern. Among the three groups, the prevalence of calf muscle cramps was 32.0% (952/2 971), 37.2% (186/500), and 37.8% (42/111), with significant differences (χ(2)=6.39, P=0.041). The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the second and third trimester was 2.96 (2.28-3.83), and 8.02 (6.16-10.44), respectively, comparing with the first trimester. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the women taking calcium before pregnant was 1.45 (1.19-1.76), comparing with the one who was not taken. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the women who had been diagnosed by pregnancy-induced hypertension was 5.76 (2.06-16.12), comparing with the one who had not been diagnosed. The OR (95%CI) values of calf muscle cramps in the high vegetables and fruits pattern and high dairy pattern was 1.13 (0.91-1.41), and 1.18 (0.76-1.81), respectively, comparing with the relatively balanced pattern. Conclusion: The prevalence of calf muscle cramps was relatively high in Chinese pregnant women, which was significantly different among three trimesters. The residential areas, occupation, and pregnancy-induced hypertension might be related to the prevalence of calf muscle cramps. However, there was no significant difference among different dietary patterns.
目的： 分析中国孕妇腓肠肌痉挛发生状况及其相关因素。 方法： 于2010—2012年采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法，调查对象为中国内地31个省份的150个调查县（区）的3 582名孕妇。通过询问调查方式收集孕期妇女腓肠肌痉挛的发生情况、人口学特征、孕期状况以及身体活动情况；采用半定量食物频率法估计孕妇食物摄入情况，通过动态样品聚类分析方法分析孕妇的膳食模式；采用多因素logistic回归模型分析我国孕妇腓肠肌痉挛的发生状况及相关因素。 结果： 孕妇腓肠肌痉挛的发生率为32.9%（1 180/3 582），孕早、中、晚期的腓肠肌痉挛发生率分别为11.6%（87/748）、28.2%（420/1 492）和50.2%（673/1 342），差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=349.16，P<0.001）。孕妇的膳食模式分为3类，相对均衡、高蔬菜水果、高奶类膳食模式孕妇腓肠肌痉挛发生率分别为32.0%（952/2 971）、37.2%（186/500）、37.8%（42/111），差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=6.39，P=0.041）。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示，与孕早期妇女相比，孕中期、孕晚期妇女发生腓肠肌痉挛的OR（95%CI）值分别为2.96（2.28~3.83）、8.02（6.16~10.44）；与未服用者相比，孕前服用钙制剂妇女发生孕期腓肠肌痉挛的OR（95%CI）值为1.45（1.19~1.76）；与孕期未被诊断过妊娠高血压综合征的妇女相比，孕期被诊断过妊娠高血压综合征的妇女发生腓肠肌痉挛的OR（95%CI）值为5.76（2.06~16.12）；与相对均衡膳食模式的孕妇相比，高蔬菜水果膳食模式、高奶类膳食模式孕妇发生腓肠肌痉挛的OR（95%CI）值分别为1.13（0.91~1.41）、1.18（0.76~1.81）。 结论： 中国孕妇腓肠肌痉挛的发生率相对较高，不同孕期存在明显差异，孕妇的居住地、职业和罹患妊娠高血压综合征可能与孕期腓肠肌痉挛的发生有关，但未见膳食模式对腓肠肌痉挛发生的显著影响。.
Keywords: Calf muscle cramps; Cross-sectional studies; Peripartum period; Risk factors.