Abstract
Studies have shown that aspirin and metformin play important roles in chemoprevention and repression of breast cancers, even though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Aspirin is capable of stimulating apoptosis through prostaglandin-dependent or prostaglandin-independent pathways. Metformin inhibits cell growth by enhancing the tumor suppressive function of transforming growth factor (TGF-β). In the present study, we report a new link between aspirin, metformin, TGF-β1 and murine breast cancer inhibition. Specifically, we showed that aspirin and metformin enhanced 4T1 cell apoptosis by inducing secretion of TGF-β1, whereas estradiol weakened the effect.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Aspirin / pharmacology*
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Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Female
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
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Metformin / pharmacology*
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Nude
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Metformin
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Aspirin