Chlorine levels and species in fine and size resolved atmospheric particles by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy analysis in Beijing, China

Jie Ouyang; Guo-Sheng Yang; Ling-Ling Ma; Min Luo; Lei Zheng; Qing Huo; Yi-Dong Zhao; Tian-Dou Hu; Zhen-Feng Cai; Dian-Dou Xu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.126

Chlorine levels and species in fine and size resolved atmospheric particles by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy analysis in Beijing, China

Chemosphere. 2018 Apr:196:393-401. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.126. Epub 2017 Dec 22.

Authors

Jie Ouyang¹, Guo-Sheng Yang², Ling-Ling Ma³, Min Luo⁴, Lei Zheng⁵, Qing Huo⁶, Yi-Dong Zhao⁵, Tian-Dou Hu⁵, Zhen-Feng Cai⁷, Dian-Dou Xu⁸

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
² Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
³ Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: malingling@ihep.ac.cn.
⁴ Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
⁵ Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
⁶ College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China.
⁷ Beijing North Energy Conservation and Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China.
⁸ Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: xudd@ihep.ac.cn.

PMID: 29316465
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.126

Abstract

An understanding of the species of chlorine is crucial in the metropolis-Beijing, which is suffering serious haze pollution with high frequency. Particulate Matters (PMs) with five different sizes were collected in Beijing from July 2009 to March 2016, and characterized non-destructively by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. PM_<0.2, PM_0.2-0.5 and PM_>2.5 contributed for the major PMs mass in spring and summer, PM_0.5-1.0 and PM_1.0-2.5 contributed for the major PMs mass in autumn and winter. The concentrations of the three chlorine species were in the order of inorganic chlorine (Cl_inorg) > aliphatic chlorine (Cl_ali) > aromatic chlorine (Cl_aro), indicating that Cl_inorg constituted the primary chlorine fraction and less toxic Cl_ali constituted the primary total organic chlorine (Cl_ali + Cl_aro, abbreviated as Cl_org) in the PMs in Beijing. In addition, these three chlorine species exhibited identical seasonal variation in PM_2.5: winter > autumn > spring > summer. Wet precipitation is an important factor to result in the lower mass concentrations of these three chlorine species in summer. The temporal variations of both size resolved PM mass concentrations and chlorine species concentrations suggested that the air pollution prevention and control in Beijing has just won initial success.

Keywords: Beijing; Chlorine species; Fine atmospheric particles; Size distribution; X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants / analysis*
Beijing
China
Chlorine / analysis*
Chlorine / chemistry
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Particle Size
Particulate Matter / analysis
Seasons
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy / methods

Substances

Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter
Chlorine