CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Display an Elevated IFN-γ Production Profile

J Immunother. 2018 Feb/Mar;41(2):73-83. doi: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000193.

Abstract

CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has demonstrated dramatic results for the treatment of B cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). As T cell defects are common in patients with CLL, we compared the T cells from these patients with healthy donors (HDs), and subsequently the CD19 CAR T cells produced from patients and HDs. Despite initial differences when comparing the phenotype of circulating T cells in patients with CLL and HDs, the CD19 CAR T cells manufactured from patients' or HDs' cells showed a similar phenotype (effector memory or terminally differentiated), both were specifically activated by and killed CD19 target cells, and secreted cytokines (ie, IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ). The frequency of CD19 CAR T cells producing IFN-γ was significantly higher in cells produced from patients as compared with those produced from HDs. Furthermore, our data showed that the polyfunctional profile of CD19 CAR T cells was differently modulated by CD19 K562 cells and autologous B cells. The increased IFN-γ production by CD19 CAR T cells produced from patients with CLL after in vitro stimulation, may if this is also the case in vivo, contribute to a higher risk of a cytokine release syndrome in patients. The different impact by CD19 target cells on the polyfunctional profile of CD19 CAR T cells in vitro underlines the importance of the choice of CD19 target cells when assessing CD19 CAR T cells functions.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antigens, CD19 / genetics
  • Antigens, CD19 / immunology*
  • Biomarkers
  • Cell Degranulation
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive / methods
  • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis*
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / immunology*
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / metabolism
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / pathology
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / therapy
  • Middle Aged
  • Phenotype
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / genetics
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / metabolism*
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, CD19
  • Biomarkers
  • Cytokines
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • Interferon-gamma