Electron sponge from naphthalenediimide-viologen conjugates: water-stable, highly electron-deficient polyions with 1 V potential window

Chem Commun (Camb). 2018 Jan 23;54(8):900-903. doi: 10.1039/c7cc09372a.

Abstract

We report a new class of multi-electron acceptors by integrating for the first time multiple π-cations at the naphthalenediimide-core. These polyions present a remarkably low-lying LUMO with water stability, seven-redox states in a narrow window of ∼1 V and excellent reversibility. Extended conjugation is manifest in mixed valence states with NIR absorption. X-ray crystallography revealed appealing multiple anion-π interactions.