Impact of Consuming Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts within a Mediterranean Diet on DNA Methylation in Peripheral White Blood Cells within the PREDIMED-Navarra Randomized Controlled Trial: A Role for Dietary Lipids

Ana Arpón; Fermín I Milagro; Cristina Razquin; Dolores Corella; Ramón Estruch; Montserrat Fitó; Amelia Marti; Miguel A Martínez-González; Emilio Ros; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj; J Alfredo Martínez

doi:10.3390/nu10010015

Impact of Consuming Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts within a Mediterranean Diet on DNA Methylation in Peripheral White Blood Cells within the PREDIMED-Navarra Randomized Controlled Trial: A Role for Dietary Lipids

Nutrients. 2017 Dec 23;10(1):15. doi: 10.3390/nu10010015.

Authors

Ana Arpón^{1

2}, Fermín I Milagro^{3

4

5}, Cristina Razquin^{6

7

8}, Dolores Corella^{9

10}, Ramón Estruch^{11

12}, Montserrat Fitó^{13

14}, Amelia Marti^{15

16

17}, Miguel A Martínez-González^{18

19

20}, Emilio Ros^{21

22}, Jordi Salas-Salvadó^{18

23}, José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj^{24

25

20}, J Alfredo Martínez^{26

27

28

29

30}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. aarpon.1@alumni.unav.es.
² Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. aarpon.1@alumni.unav.es.
³ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. fmilagro@unav.es.
⁴ Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. fmilagro@unav.es.
⁵ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. fmilagro@unav.es.
⁶ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. crazquin@unav.es.
⁷ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. crazquin@unav.es.
⁸ Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008 Pamplona, Spain. crazquin@unav.es.
⁹ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹¹ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
¹² Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
¹³ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. mfito@imim.es.
¹⁴ Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. mfito@imim.es.
¹⁵ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. amarti@unav.es.
¹⁶ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. amarti@unav.es.
¹⁷ Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008 Pamplona, Spain. amarti@unav.es.
¹⁸ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁹ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
²⁰ Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
²¹ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
²² Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
²³ Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
²⁴ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
²⁵ Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
²⁶ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
²⁷ Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
²⁸ Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
²⁹ Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
³⁰ Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.

Abstract

DNA methylation could be reversible and mouldable by environmental factors, such as dietary exposures. The objective was to analyse whether an intervention with two Mediterranean diets, one rich in extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) and the other one in nuts (MedDiet + nuts), was influencing the methylation status of peripheral white blood cells (PWBCs) genes. A subset of 36 representative individuals were selected within the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED-Navarra) trial, with three intervention groups in high cardiovascular risk volunteers: MedDiet + EVOO, MedDiet + nuts, and a low-fat control group. Methylation was assessed at baseline and at five-year follow-up. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed routes with differentially methylated CpG sites (CpGs) related to intermediate metabolism, diabetes, inflammation, and signal transduction. Two CpGs were specifically selected: cg01081346-CPT1B/CHKB-CPT1B and cg17071192-GNAS/GNASAS, being associated with intermediate metabolism. Furthermore, cg01081346 was associated with PUFAs intake, showing a role for specific fatty acids on epigenetic modulation. Specific components of MedDiet, particularly nuts and EVOO, were able to induce methylation changes in several PWBCs genes. These changes may have potential benefits in health; especially those changes in genes related to intermediate metabolism, diabetes, inflammation and signal transduction, which may contribute to explain the role of MedDiet and fat quality on health outcomes.

Keywords: DNA methylation; Mediterranean diet; blood cells; nuts; olive oil.

Publication types

Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cardiovascular Diseases / blood
Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
Comorbidity
CpG Islands
DNA Methylation*
Diet, Healthy*
Diet, Mediterranean*
Energy Metabolism / genetics*
Epigenesis, Genetic*
Female
Humans
Leukocytes / metabolism*
Male
Middle Aged
Nuts*
Olive Oil*
Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Spain / epidemiology
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome

Substances

Olive Oil