Iron(III) phthalocyanine supported on a spongin scaffold as an advanced photocatalyst in a highly efficient removal process of halophenols and bisphenol A

Małgorzata Norman; Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska; Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak; Hermann Ehrlich; Teofil Jesionowski

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.055

Iron(III) phthalocyanine supported on a spongin scaffold as an advanced photocatalyst in a highly efficient removal process of halophenols and bisphenol A

J Hazard Mater. 2018 Apr 5:347:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.055. Epub 2017 Dec 23.

Authors

Małgorzata Norman¹, Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska¹, Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak², Hermann Ehrlich³, Teofil Jesionowski⁴

Affiliations

¹ Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland.
² Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland.
³ TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Leipziger 23, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
⁴ Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: teoﬁl.jesionowski@put.poznan.pl.

PMID: 29291520
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.055

Abstract

This study investigated for the first time the degradation of phenol, chlorophenol, fluorophenol and bisphenol A (BPA) by the novel iron phthalocyanine/spongin hybrid material under various process conditions: hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation. The heterogeneous catalyst, iron phthalocyanine/spongin (SFe), was produced by an adsorption process. The product obtained was investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) - as well as elemental and thermal analysis. The study confirmed the stable immobilization of the dye on the biopolymer. The results demonstrate that the degradation of phenols and BPA followed pseudo-second-order kinetics under different experimental conditions. The synergy of SFe, H₂O₂ and UV was found to produce a significant increase in the removal efficiency and resulted in complete removal of contaminants in a short time of 1 h. The reaction products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and possible degradation pathways were proposed, featuring a series of steps including cleavage of CC bonds and oxidation.

Keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Halphenol and bisphenol A removal; Hippospongia communis; Photodegradation kinetics; Spongin.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't