Neurofibromas are benign tumors composed of different cell types from the peripheral nervous system. Neurofibromas infiltrate between nerve fascicles and do not have a discrete capsule. On MRI, they are T1 hypointense or isointense, T2 hyperintense, often with a "target sign," and contrast enhancing. The video shows gross-total resection of a peroneal nerve neurofibroma presenting as a painful mass in the popliteal fossa. Incisions across a skin crease can be either oblique or zigzag, but never perpendicular to it. It is also key to expose normal nerve proximal and distal to the tumor. The patient had a good functional outcome. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/G74Zoa1Y2JM .
Keywords: nerve sheath tumor; neurofibroma; peroneal nerve; video.