Surgical site infections are the leading cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as increased costs following surgery. Among preventive measures, antibiotic prophylaxis, when indicated, significantly decreases these risks. Adult and pediatric guidelines have recently been published (1,2). Specific pediatric data are scarce, but adult recommendations can be used by extrapolation except for neonates. For procedures that may warrant antimicrobial prophylaxis, agents of choice are frequently first-generation cephalosporins such as cefazolin, that are not currently used in curative treatment, with an appropriate dosage. Administration of an antimicrobial agent within 1 hour before surgery is often sufficient. Continuation for more than 24 hours is exceptionally advised.
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