Purpose: The debate about the impact of intensified hyperglycemia treatment is still ranging. The main objective was to assess whether intensive glycemic control in hospitalized diabetic patients undergoing a liver transplant is associated with a lower rate of graft rejection at 3 months and at 5 years post-transplant.
Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing a cohort of patients undergoing liver transplant in 2010 and 2011, in whom an intensive insulin protocol was applied, with a retrospective group of patients undergoing a liver transplant in 2005 and 2006, in whom a conventional insulin protocol was applied. Both diabetics and non-diabetics were compared. As intensive insulin therapy is applied mainly in diabetic patients, it is expected that, when comparing both periods, the treatment would only benefit those patients.
Results: The logistic regression model showed a statistically significant interaction between the treatment group and the presence of diabetes for the rejection rate 3 months and 5 years post-transplant. At both time points, the intensive insulin treatment group had lower rejection rates in the case of diabetic patients, which did not occur in non-diabetic patients.
Conclusions: Our study shows a decrease in the rate of liver graft rejection in diabetic patients undergoing intensive insulin treatment.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Graft rejection; Hyperglycemia; Intensive insulin treatment; Liver transplant.