Krüppel-like factor 15: Regulator of BCAA metabolism and circadian protein rhythmicity

Abstract

Regulation of nutrient intake, utilization, and storage exhibits a circadian rhythmicity that allows organisms to anticipate and adequately respond to changes in the environment across day/night cycles. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are important modulators of metabolism and metabolic health - for example, their catabolism yields carbon substrates for gluconeogenesis during periods of fasting. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) has recently emerged as a critical transcriptional regulator of BCAA metabolism, and the absence of this transcription factor contributes to severe pathologies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and heart failure. This review highlights KLF15's role as a central regulator of BCAA metabolism during periods of fasting, throughout day/night cycles, and in experimental models of muscle disease.

Keywords: Arrhythmia; Bcaa; Branched chain amino acid; Cardiac muscle; Circadian; Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Heart failure; KLF; KLF15; Kruppel-like factor; Liver; Metabolism; Nitrogen; Skeletal muscle; Transcription.