An evaluation of the biocompatibility and osseointegration of novel glass fiber reinforced composite implants: In vitro and in vivo studies

Ya-Hui Chan; Wei-Zhen Lew; Emily Lu; Thomas Loretz; Luke Lu; Che-Tong Lin; Sheng-Wei Feng

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.001

An evaluation of the biocompatibility and osseointegration of novel glass fiber reinforced composite implants: In vitro and in vivo studies

Dent Mater. 2018 Mar;34(3):470-485. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 26.

Authors

Ya-Hui Chan¹, Wei-Zhen Lew², Emily Lu³, Thomas Loretz⁴, Luke Lu⁵, Che-Tong Lin², Sheng-Wei Feng⁶

Affiliations

¹ School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
² School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
⁴ iLumi Sciences, Inc., Chantilly, VA, USA.
⁵ Taiwan Fiber Optics, Inc. Taipei, Taiwan.
⁶ School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: shengwei@tmu.edu.tw.

PMID: 29287979
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.001

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo osseointegration of three novel bioactive glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) implants and to compare these with metal (Ti6Al4V) implants.

Methods: The surfaces of these experimental substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a 2D profilometer and by contact angle measurement. In vitro biological performance was assessed using MG-63 human osteoblast-like cell morphology, cell proliferation assays and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity testing. Furthermore, in vivo osseointegration performance was examined by installing samples into rabbit femurs and evaluated the results using micro-CT, histology and histomorphometrical analysis; these assessments were carried out after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing.

Results: The results showed that moderate surface roughness, moderate hydrophilic exposure and moderate homogenous exposure of bioactive glass fibers were present for all of the GFRC substrates. Furthermore, MG-63 cells, when cultured on all of the GFRC substrates, grew well and exhibited a more differentiated phenotype than cells grown on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrate. Histological evaluation revealed more newly-formed bone regeneration within the thread of the GFRC implants during the initial healing period. In addition, the novel GFRC implants with a bioactive Bio-fiber structure and glass particles within the epoxy resin matrix showed better bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) values at 4 weeks and this was accompanied by bone-implant contact (BIC) values at 8 weeks comparable to the Ti6Al4V group.

Significance: These findings demonstrated that novel GFRC implants seem to show improved osteogenesis and osseointegration functionality and have potential as a substitute for Ti6Al4V, or other metal-based materials, when used for clinically dental and orthopedic applications.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Glass fiber reinforced composite; Osseointegration; Ti6Al4V.

Publication types

Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Alloys
Animals
Biocompatible Materials / chemistry*
Cell Differentiation
Cell Proliferation
Composite Resins / chemistry*
Dental Implants*
Dental Materials / chemistry*
Dental Prosthesis Design*
Femur / surgery
Glass / chemistry*
Humans
Implants, Experimental
Male
Materials Testing
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Osseointegration / physiology*
Osteoblasts / drug effects*
Rabbits
Surface Properties
Titanium / chemistry
Wettability

Substances

Alloys
Biocompatible Materials
Composite Resins
Dental Implants
Dental Materials
fiberglass
titanium alloy (TiAl6V4)
Titanium