Height-income association in developing countries: Evidence from 14 countries

Am J Hum Biol. 2018 May;30(3):e23093. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23093. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the height-income association is positive in developing countries, and whether income differences between shorter and taller individuals in developing countries are explained by differences in endowment (ie, taller individuals have a higher income than shorter individuals because of characteristics such as better social skills) or due to discrimination (ie, shorter individuals have a lower income despite having comparable characteristics).

Methods: Instrumental variable regression, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, quantile regression, and quantile decomposition analyses were applied to a sample of 45 108 respondents from 14 developing countries represented in the Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE) study.

Results: For a one-centimeter increase in country- and sex-adjusted median height, real income adjusted for purchasing power parity increased by 1.37%. The income differential between shorter and taller individuals was explained by discrimination and not by differences in endowments; however, the effect of discrimination decreased at higher values of country- and sex-adjusted height.

Conclusions: Taller individuals in developing countries may realize higher income despite having characteristics similar to those of shorter individuals.

MeSH terms

  • Body Height*
  • Developing Countries*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Income / statistics & numerical data*
  • Male