This Statistical Brief presents data from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) regarding medical expenditures associated with the top five most costly conditions in 2002 and 2012. The top five conditions were determined by totaling and ranking the expenses for the medical care delivered for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions. Expenditures may be associated with more than one condition and are not unduplicated in the condition totals. Only differences between estimates that are statistically significant at the 0.05 level are discussed in the text. Dollar values are adjusted for inflation by using the gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflator.