Novel Weed-Extracted Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Appraisal against a Rare Bacterium from River and Sewage Treatment Plan

Achmad Syafiuddin; Salmiati; Tony Hadibarata; Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh; Mohd Razman Salim

doi:10.3390/nano8010009

Novel Weed-Extracted Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Appraisal against a Rare Bacterium from River and Sewage Treatment Plan

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017 Dec 26;8(1):9. doi: 10.3390/nano8010009.

Authors

Achmad Syafiuddin¹; Salmiati^{2

3}; Tony Hadibarata⁴, Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh⁵, Mohd Razman Salim^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. udenfisika@gmail.com.
² Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. salmiati@utm.my.
³ Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. salmiati@utm.my.
⁴ Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia. hadibarata@curtin.edu.my.
⁵ Construction Research Centre (CRC), Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction (ISIIC), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. kbhahmad@utm.my.
⁶ Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. mohdrazman@utm.my.
⁷ Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia. mohdrazman@utm.my.

Abstract

This is the first investigation to demonstrate the use of biochemical contents present within Cyperus rotundus, Eleusin indica, Euphorbia hirta, Melastoma malabathricum, Clidemia hirta and Pachyrhizus erosus extracts for the reduction of silver ion to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) form. In addition, the antibacterial capability of the synthesized AgNPs and plant extracts alone against a rare bacterium, Chromobacterium haemolyticum (C. haemolyticum), was examined. Moreover, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) of the synthesized AgNPs were characterized. The smallest AgNPs can be produced when Cyperus rotundus extracts were utilized. In addition, this study has found that the synthesis efficiencies using all plant extracts are in the range of 72% to 91% with the highest percentage achieved when Eleusin indica extract was employed. All synthesized AgNPs have antibacterial capability against all examined bacteria depending on their size and bacteria types. Interestingly, Melastoma malabathricum and Clidemia hirta extracts have demonstrated an antibacterial ability against C. haemolyticum.

Keywords: Chromobacterium haemolyticum; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; weed extracts.