Regenerative medicine is a rapidly advancing field that uses principles of tissue engineering, developmental biology, stem cell biology, immunology, and bioengineering to reconstruct diseased or damaged tissues. Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix have shown great promise as an inductive substrate to facilitate the constructive remodeling of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue damaged by neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, and congenital or acquired defects. The present review summarizes the preparation and use of extracellular matrix scaffolds for bioengineering of the GI tract, identifies significant advances made in regenerative medicine for the reconstruction of functional GI tissue, and describes an emerging therapeutic approach.
Keywords: 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional; Bioscaffolds; ECM, extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix; GI, gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal Tract; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MBV, matrix-bound nanovesicle; Regenerative Medicine; SIS, small intestinal submucosa; Tissue Engineering; UBM, urinary bladder matrix; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell.