Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of rivaroxaban in the prevention and treatment of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods: Patients with sTBI who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, including 119 males (75.8%) and 38 females (24.2%), aged (38.75 ± 11.98) years old. DVT was prevented and treated according to the DVT screening and anticoagulation regimen. Intermittent venous compression was used on all of the patients to prevent DVT, and D-dimer dynamic monitoring and regular ultrasound were performed to screen for DVT. For patients with stable intracranial hemorrhage, rivaroxaban was used when the D-dimer was declining continuously and high risks exist at the same time, or the DVT was diagnosed. Drug withdrawal was performed according to the regimen. The clinical information, D-dimer dynamic changes, rivaroxaban application, DVT, and bleeding complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results: None of the patients with continuously declining D-dimer was diagnosed with DVT according to the ultrasound examination. Of the 45 patients without progressively declining D-dimer, 43 cases were diagnosed with DVT. Rivaroxaban was used in 47 cases (29.9%) to prevent DVT and 43 cases (27.4%) to treat DVT, and the medication time was (16.3±6.5) and (49.3 ± 9.9) days, respectively. None was diagnosed with DVT after prophylactic administration, and 1 case relapsed after therapeutic administration. During the 6-months follow-up after injury, hematuria occurred in 3 cases, tracheotomy errhysis in 1 case and hemorrhoids bleeding in 1 case. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism, intracranial hemorrhage and fatal bleeding did not occur in any of the cases. Conclusions: The application of rivaroxaban is safe and effective in preventing and treating the postoperative DVT.
目的： 探讨利伐沙班对重型颅脑损伤(sTBI)术后深静脉血栓(DVT)预防和治疗的临床效果。 方法： 收集符合入组标准的sTBI患者157例，其中男119例(75.8%)，年龄(38.75±11.98)岁。所有患者均应用间歇性静脉充气加压预防DVT，应用D－二聚体动态监测和定期超声检查对DVT进行筛查，如颅内出血情况稳定，对手术3 d后D－二聚体持续下降且存在高危因素者预防性口服利伐沙班，对确诊DVT患者治疗性口服利伐沙班，符合停药条件后停用利伐沙班。对患者的一般资料，D－二聚体动态变化，DVT发病情况，利伐沙班应用情况及抗凝出血并发症等进行回顾性分析。 结果： D－二聚体持续下降者超声均未发现DVT，D－二聚体持续不降或升高45例，超声发现DVT 43例。预防性应用利伐沙班47例(29.9%)，用药7～36(16.3±6.5)d，随访期间均未见DVT发生；治疗性用药43例(27.4%)，用药时程32～68(49.3±9.9)d，停药后仅1例复发周围型DVT。未见症状性肺栓塞及致死性出血并发症，发生血尿3例，气管切开处渗血1例，痔疮导致血便1例，未见颅内出血增加及其他消化道出血。 结论： 应用利伐沙班抗凝可安全有效预防和治疗sTBI术后DVT。.
Keywords: Brain injury; Hemorrhage; Rivaroxaban; Venous thrombosis.