Early major complications after bariatric surgery in the USA, 2003-2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Obes Rev. 2018 Apr;19(4):529-537. doi: 10.1111/obr.12647. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Abstract

The effectiveness of bariatric surgery has been well-studied. However, complications after bariatric surgery have been understudied. This review assesses <30-d major complications associated with bariatric procedures, including anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. This review included 71 studies conducted in the USA between 2003 and 2014 and 107,874 patients undergoing either gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy, with mean age of 44 years and pre-surgery body mass index of 46.5 kg m-2 . Less than 30-d anastomotic leak rate was 1.15%; myocardial infarction rate was 0.37%; pulmonary embolism rate was 1.17%. Among all patients, mortality rate following anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism was 0.12%, 0.37% and 0.18%, respectively. Among surgical procedures, <30-d after surgery, sleeve gastrectomy (1.21% [95% confidence interval, 0.23-2.19%]) had higher anastomotic leak rate than gastric bypass (1.14% [95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.43%]); gastric bypass had higher rates of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism than adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy. During the review, we found that the quality of complication reporting is lower than the reporting of other outcomes. In summary, <30-d rates of the three major complications after either one of the procedures range from 0% to 1.55%. Mortality following these complications ranges from 0% to 0.64%. Future studies reporting complications after bariatric surgery should improve their reporting quality.

Keywords: Anastomotic leak; bariatric surgery; myocardial infarction; pulmonary embolism.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Anastomotic Leak / etiology*
  • Anastomotic Leak / mortality
  • Bariatric Surgery / adverse effects*
  • Bariatric Surgery / mortality
  • Humans
  • Myocardial Infarction / etiology*
  • Myocardial Infarction / mortality
  • Obesity, Morbid / surgery*
  • Postoperative Complications* / mortality
  • Pulmonary Embolism / etiology*
  • Pulmonary Embolism / mortality
  • Treatment Outcome
  • United States / epidemiology