Snail collaborates with EGR-1 and SP-1 to directly activate transcription of MMP 9 and ZEB1

Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 19;7(1):17753. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18101-7.

Abstract

The Snail transcription factor plays as a master regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the steps of tumor metastasis. Snail enhances expressions of a lot of mesenchymal genes including the matrix degradation enzyme matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and the EMT transcription factor zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), however, the underlying mechanisms are not clarified. Herein, we investigated how Snail upregulated transcription of ZEB1 and MMP9 induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in hepatoma cell HepG2. According to deletion mapping and site directed mutagenesis analysis, the TPA-responsive elements on both MMP9 and ZEB1 promoters locate on a putative EGR1 and SP1 overlapping region coupled with an upstream proposed Snail binding motif TCACA. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed TPA triggered binding of Snail, EGR1 and SP1 on MMP9 and ZEB1 promoters. Double ChIP further indicated TPA induced association of Snail with EGR1 and SP1 on both promoters. Also, electrophoresis mobility shift assay revealed TPA enhanced binding of Snail with a MMP9 promoter fragment. According to shRNA techniques, Snail was essential for gene expression of both ZEB1 and MMP9. In conclusion, Snail transactivates genes involved in tumor progression via direct binding to a specific promoter region.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / genetics
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology
  • Early Growth Response Protein 1 / genetics
  • Early Growth Response Protein 1 / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms / genetics
  • Liver Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Liver Neoplasms / pathology
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / biosynthesis*
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / genetics
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism*
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Sp1 Transcription Factor / genetics
  • Sp1 Transcription Factor / metabolism*
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology
  • Transcription, Genetic*
  • Up-Regulation*
  • Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 / biosynthesis*
  • Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 / genetics

Substances

  • EGR1 protein, human
  • Early Growth Response Protein 1
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Sp1 Transcription Factor
  • SP1 protein, human
  • ZEB1 protein, human
  • Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
  • MMP9 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate