Genetic heterogeneity is the basis of clinical heterogeneity among different subtypes of AML. We have successfully cloned a gene related to AML termed FAMLF from a FAB-M2 patient's sample of a second largest AML pedigree. Then we revealed at least three splice variants, named as FAMLF-1, FAMLF-2 and FAMLF-3, and found miR181a1/b1 in the second intron of FAMLF gene family. Higher expression of FAMLF-1 was related to a higher complete remission (CR) rate, but shorter relapse free survival (RFS) in AML. We further found that the FAMLF-1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype and its expression were positively correlated to clinical parameters of acute myeloid leukemia partially differentiated (FAB-M2) patients, but not FAB non-M2 patients or Acute Monocytic Leukemia (FAB-M5) patients. GTAGG SNP haplotype of FAMLF gene might increase FAB-M2 susceptibility in Han population and act as a useful candidate biomarker for FAB-M2 screening. We also demonstrated that FAMLF-1 gene silencing in FAB-M2 cells could lead to proliferation inhibition, cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest, and differentiation promotion independent of its intronic miR-181a1, which might be related to Akt/c-Myc pathway. These findings reveal a role of FAMLF-1 as a potential pathogenic gene for FAB-M2.
Keywords: FAMLF-1 gene; acute myeloid leukemia partially differentiated (FAB-M2); miR-181a1; pathogenesis; single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype.