HIV-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: early infection, immune reconstitution syndrome or secondary to other diseases? Case report and literature review

J Neurovirol. 2018 Feb;24(1):123-127. doi: 10.1007/s13365-017-0603-3. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

Abstract

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a debilitating autoimmune neurological disorder. Post-infectious opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome has been described with varying bacterial, spirochetal, and viral infections including several patients with HIV. However, specific immunopathological mechanisms that may lead to opsoclonus-myoclonus in HIV-positive patients are unknown.We report a case of HIV-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus and early HIV infection. A review of published literature shows opsoclonus-myoclonus can occur during early infection, in immune reconstitution syndrome or in association with other infections, especially tuberculosis.

Keywords: Acute HIV infection; HIV; Immune reconstitution; Ocular flutter; Opsoclonus; Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • HIV / pathogenicity
  • HIV / physiology
  • HIV Infections / complications
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections / immunology
  • HIV Infections / virology*
  • Humans
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / complications
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / immunology
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / virology*
  • Middle Aged
  • Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome / complications
  • Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome / immunology
  • Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome / virology*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents