Desethylamiodarone-A metabolite of amiodarone-Induces apoptosis on T24 human bladder cancer cells via multiple pathways

PLoS One. 2017 Dec 8;12(12):e0189470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189470. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy of the urinary tract that has a higher frequency in men than in women. Cytostatic resistance and metastasis formation are significant risk factors in BC therapy; therefore, there is great interest in overcoming drug resistance and in initiating research for novel chemotherapeutic approaches. Here, we suggest that desethylamiodarone (DEA)-a metabolite of amiodarone-may have cytostatic potential. DEA activates the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (detected by JC-1 fluorescence), and induces cell death in T24 human transitional-cell bladder carcinoma cell line at physiologically achievable concentrations. DEA induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, which may contribute to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and shifts the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to initiate apoptosis, induce AIF nuclear translocation, and activate PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-3 activation. The major cytoprotective kinases-ERK and Akt-are inhibited by DEA, which may contribute to its cell death-inducing effects. DEA also inhibits the expression of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and reduces colony formation of T24 bladder carcinoma cells, indicating its possible inhibitory effect on metastatic potential. These data show that DEA is a novel anti-cancer candidate of multiple cell death-inducing effects and metastatic potential. Our findings recommend further evaluation of its effects in clinical studies.

MeSH terms

  • Amiodarone / analogs & derivatives*
  • Amiodarone / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Humans
  • Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / drug effects
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / pathology*

Substances

  • desethylamiodarone
  • Amiodarone

Grants and funding

This work was supported by GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00049 (Balazs Sumegi), https://www.palyazat.gov.hu; GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00025 (Balazs Sumegi), https://www.palyazat.gov.hu; and EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004 (Balazs Sumegi), https://www.palyazat.gov.hu. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.