Reversibility of myocardial metabolism and remodelling in morbidly obese patients 6 months after bariatric surgery

Abstract

Aims: To study myocardial substrate uptake, structure and function, before and after bariatric surgery, to clarify the interaction between myocardial metabolism and cardiac remodelling in morbid obesity.

Methods: We studied 46 obese patients (age 44 ± 10 years, body mass index [BMI] 42 ± 4 kg/m² ), including 18 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before and 6 months after bariatric surgery and 25 healthy age-matched control group subjects. Myocardial fasting free fatty acid uptake (MFAU) and insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) were measured using positron-emission tomography. Myocardial structure and function, and myocardial triglyceride content (MTGC) and intrathoracic fat were measured using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results: The morbidly obese study participants, with or without T2D, had cardiac hypertrophy, impaired myocardial function and substrate metabolism compared with the control group. Surgery led to marked weight reduction and remission of T2D in most of the participants. Postoperatively, myocardial function and structure improved and myocardial substrate metabolism normalized. Intrathoracic fat, but not MTGC, was reduced. Before surgery, BMI and MFAU correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy, and BMI, age and intrathoracic fat mass were the main variables associated with cardiac function. The improvement in whole-body insulin sensitivity correlated positively with the increase in MGU and the decrease in MFAU.

Conclusions: In the present study, obesity and age, rather than myocardial substrate uptake, were the causes of cardiac remodelling in morbidly obese patients with or without T2D. Cardiac remodelling and impaired myocardial substrate metabolism are reversible after surgically induced weight loss and amelioration of T2D.

Keywords: cardiac function; cardiac structure; myocardial free fatty acid uptake; myocardial glucose uptake; myocardial triglyceride content; positron emission tomography; type 2 diabetes.