Our previous study demonstrated that supplemental psyllium fibre increased cytoprotective heat-shock protein (Hsp) 25 levels in the intestinal cells of mice. Here, we examined the effect of psyllium fibre on colonic gene and protein expression and faecal microbiota in normal and colitic mice to improve the understanding of the preventive role of the supplement. DNA microarray analysis revealed that a 10 % psyllium fibre diet administered for 5 d up-regulated eleven extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, including collagens and fibronectins, in normal mice. Acute colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in mice that were administered a pre-feeding 5 to 10 % psyllium fibre diet for 5 d. Psyllium fibre partially ameliorated or resolved the DSS-induced colon damage and inflammation characterised by body weight loss, colon shortening, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased tight junction protein expression in the colon. Analysis of faecal microbiota using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that psyllium fibre affected the colonic microbiota. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by growing intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers on membrane filter supports coated with or without fibronectin and collagen. Cells grown on collagen and fibronectin coating showed higher transepithelial electrical resistance, indicating a strengthening of barrier integrity. Therefore, increased Hsp25 levels and modification of colonic ECM contribute to the observed psyllium-mediated protection against DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, ECM modification appears to play a role in the strengthening of the colon barrier. In conclusion, psyllium fibre may be useful in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Keywords: DF dietary fibre; DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; DSS dextran sodium sulphate; ECM extracellular matrix; FD4 conjugated dextran; GO gene ontology; Hsp heat-shock protein; IBD inflammatory bowel disease; JAM junctional adhesion molecule; LBP lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; TER transepithelial electrical resistance; TJ tight junction; ZO zonula occludens; colIα1 collagen type Iα1; Extracellular matrix; Heat-shock protein; Intestinal inflammation; Psyllium; Tight junction protein.