Purpose: To evaluate whether the characteristics of the radiological uterine myometrial discontinuity (RMD) is associated with maternal-neonatal outcomes and post-cesarean section (CS) complications. A secondary aim was to describe the evolution of the CT uterine surgical incision and the related outcome of a subsequent trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC).
Methods: Single center retrospective cohort study of CT scans was performed within 6 weeks from cesarean delivery. Demographic characteristics of patients were recorded (age, intrapartum fever, CS data, and hospital stay length). Abdominopelvic CT scans were performed using a multidetector CT (16 or 256 slice) with intravenous contrast material. CT analysis was performed by two radiologists in consensus. The RMD seen as low attenuation gap in expected incision site was assessed for: visualization, thickness, and presence of gas. Logistic regression analysis was fitted to assess the relationship of the delivery-CT time interval with the presence of RMD and gas.
Results: Of a total of 75,791 births during the study period there were 8775 CS (11.6%). The study group consisted of 101 CTs in 84 woman after CS. RMD defined in 73 (72.2%) of all CT exams; the mean RMD thickness was 7 mm ± 3.9, "RMD gas" observed in 15 (17.9%) of CT exams. RMD thickness or gas presence were strongly associated with a CS-1st CT exam time interval of less than 7 days, OR 5.8 [CI 1.5-22.6], p = 0.010, but not with maternal, delivery, or neonatal characteristics. A subsequent successful vaginal birth was achieved in 75% of the patients with no uterine rupture, regardless of the RMD gas presence.
Conclusion: RMD gas visualization on CT is not associated with febrile morbidity, cesarean characteristics, and subsequent TOLAC results. RMD gas is a normal post-operative finding and should not lead to changes in the postpartum delivery complication management or recommendations for the future mode of delivery.
Keywords: Cesarean section; Computerized tomography; Post-operative; Postpartum; Uterus.