Adherence to Islamic beliefs and being home to more than 190 million Muslims made many to believe that Pakistan was protected from human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). More than 30 years of HIV-1 epidemic, the reality is totally different now. HIV/AIDS is not only becoming a major health concern of Pakistan, but also in several other Muslim-majority countries like Malaysia, Iran and Indonesia having prevalence rates of 0·4%, 0·2% and 0·3%, respectively. While in most parts of the world, HIV-1 infections have decreased or stabilised. However, the countries where HIV-1 prevalence is increased by 25-35% has Muslim majority. The high-risk populations in these countries are drug users and immoral sexual behaviours that include practices forbidden in Islam.
Keywords: HIV-1, AIDS, IDUs, cART, Epidemiology..