In the new century, with rapid population growth, large-scale urbanization, global warming and many other factors, we are facing unprecedented ecological, health, social, and other challenges and issues. These include biological invasion, environmental degradation, sharp increase in cancer morbidity, high frequency of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a grave threat to biological diversity, public health, economic development and so on. Based on the solid research in population dynamics and disease dynamics, mathematical modeling, analysis and simulation have been widely used over the past decades to study various problems in life sciences and medicine, from the expression of gene sequence to the pathogenesis of cancer, from the control of molecular organisms to the resistance of bacteria and viruses, from immune response to diseases to the design and evaluation of treatments, and so on. To provide a platform for researchers in mathematical biology and related fields to present latest findings and research trends, to exchange ideas and approaches, and to enhance communication and cooperation, we organized a workshop entitled "Current Topics in Mathematical Biology (CTMB)" at Shanghai Normal University, December 18-20, 2015. We acknowledge the support from the Mathematics and Science College at Shanghai Normal University and Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Development Program.