7-Ketocholesterol induces ROS-mediated mRNA expression of 12-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human mesangial cells: Potential role in diabetic nephropathy

Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2018 Jan:134:16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Abstract

7-Ketocholesterol (7-KCHO) is a highly proinflammatory oxysterol and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) are also involved in the development of DN. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of 7-KCHO on mRNA expression of LOXs and COXs as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in human mesangial cells (HMC). We evaluated cell viability by WST-8 assay and measured mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by flow cytometry. Although 7-KCHO did not affect cell viability of HMC, 7-KCHO stimulated significant increases in mRNA expression of 12-LOX, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 7-KCHO also induced an increase in ROS production, while N-acetylcysteine partially suppressed the increase. The 12-LOX and COX-2 inhibitors also suppressed mRNA expression of cytokines. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the pathophysiology of DN.

Keywords: 7-ketocholesterol; Cyclooxygenase; Diabetic nephropathy; Lipoxygenase; Mesangial cell; Reactive oxygen species.

MeSH terms

  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / genetics
  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / metabolism
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Diabetic Nephropathies / pathology*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-1beta / genetics
  • Interleukin-6 / genetics
  • Ketocholesterols / pharmacology*
  • Mesangial Cells / drug effects*
  • Mesangial Cells / enzymology*
  • Mesangial Cells / metabolism
  • Mesangial Cells / pathology
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Interleukin-6
  • Ketocholesterols
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • 7-ketocholesterol