Aim: To investigate whether the short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) could be improved by using a modified model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) including serum lactate.
Methods: This clinical study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medicine University, China. From 2009 to 2015, 236 patients diagnosed with HBV-related ACLF at our center were recruited for this 3-month follow-up study. Demographic data and serum lactate levels were collected from the patients. The MELD scores with or without serum lactate levels from survival and non-survival groups were recorded and compared.
Results: Two hundred and thirty-six patients with HBV-ACLF were divided into two groups: survival group (S) and non-survival group (NS). Compared with the NS group, the patients in survival the S group had a significantly lower level of serum lactate (3.11 ± 1.98 vs 4.67 ± 2.43, t = 5.43, P < 0.001) and MELD score (23.33 ± 5.42 vs 30.37 ± 6.58, t = 9.01, P = 0.023). Furthermore, serum lactate level was positively correlated with MELD score (r = 0.315, P < 0.001). Therefore, a modified MELD including serum lactate was developed by logistic regression analysis (0.314 × lactate + 0.172 × MELD - 5.923). In predicting 3-month mortality using the MELD-LAC model, the patients from the S group had significantly lower baseline scores (-0.930 ± 1.34) when compared with those from the NS group (0.771 ± 1.32, t = 9.735, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.859 calculated by using the MELD-LAC model, which was significantly higher than that calculated by using the lactate level (0.790) or MELD alone (0.818). When the cutoff value was set at -0.4741, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for predicting short-term mortality were 91.5%, 80.10%, 94.34% and 74.62%, respectively. When the MELD-LAC scores at baseline level were set at -0.5561 and 0.6879, the corresponding mortality rates within three months were 75% and 90%, respectively.
Conclusion: The short-term prognosis of HBV-related ACLF was improved by using a modified MELD including serum lactate from the present 6-year clinical study.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Liver failure; Model for end-stage liver disease score; Prognosis; Serum lactate level.