The photocycle of orange carotenoid protein conceals distinct intermediates and asynchronous changes in the carotenoid and protein components

Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 14;7(1):15548. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15520-4.

Abstract

The 35-kDa Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is responsible for photoprotection in cyanobacteria. It acts as a light intensity sensor and efficient quencher of phycobilisome excitation. Photoactivation triggers large-scale conformational rearrangements to convert OCP from the orange OCPO state to the red active signaling state, OCPR, as demonstrated by various structural methods. Such rearrangements imply a complete, yet reversible separation of structural domains and translocation of the carotenoid. Recently, dynamic crystallography of OCPO suggested the existence of photocycle intermediates with small-scale rearrangements that may trigger further transitions. In this study, we took advantage of single 7 ns laser pulses to study carotenoid absorption transients in OCP on the time-scale from 100 ns to 10 s, which allowed us to detect a red intermediate state preceding the red signaling state, OCPR. In addition, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and the assignment of carotenoid-induced quenching of different tryptophan residues derived thereof revealed a novel orange intermediate state, which appears during the relaxation of photoactivated OCPR to OCPO. Our results show asynchronous changes between the carotenoid- and protein-associated kinetic components in a refined mechanistic model of the OCP photocycle, but also introduce new kinetic signatures for future studies of OCP photoactivity and photoprotection.

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry*
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Carotenoids / chemistry*
  • Carotenoids / radiation effects
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Kinetics
  • Lasers
  • Light
  • Models, Molecular
  • Phycobilisomes / chemistry*
  • Phycobilisomes / radiation effects
  • Signal Transduction / radiation effects
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Synechocystis / chemistry*
  • Synechocystis / genetics

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Phycobilisomes
  • orange carotenoid protein, Synechocystis
  • Carotenoids