Polymerisation, antibacterial and bioactivity properties of experimental orthodontic adhesives containing triclosan-loaded halloysite nanotubes

Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia; Bruna Genari; Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune; Rodrigo Alex Arthur; Santiago Arias Luxan; Susana Maria Werner Samuel; Fabrício Mezzomo Collares; Salvatore Sauro

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2017.11.002

Polymerisation, antibacterial and bioactivity properties of experimental orthodontic adhesives containing triclosan-loaded halloysite nanotubes

J Dent. 2018 Feb:69:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 7.

Authors

Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia¹, Bruna Genari², Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune³, Rodrigo Alex Arthur⁴, Santiago Arias Luxan⁵, Susana Maria Werner Samuel⁶, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares⁷, Salvatore Sauro⁸

Affiliations

¹ Laboratório de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: fdegrazia@hotmail.com.
² Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: bruna.genari@gmail.com.
³ Laboratório de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: vicente.leitune@ufrgs.br.
⁴ Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.. Electronic address: rodrigoarthur.ufrgs@gmail.com.
⁵ Orthodontics, Departamento de Odontologia - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: santiago.arias@uchceu.es.
⁶ Laboratório de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: susana.samuel@ufrgs.br.
⁷ Laboratório de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: fabricio.collares@ufrgs.br.
⁸ Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontologia - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain. E-mail: salvatore.sauro@uchceu.es; Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics Research Division, King's College London Dental Institute (KCLDI), Floor 17 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT (UK).

PMID: 29126948
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.11.002

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the immediate enamel bond strength, in situ degree of conversion and the polymerisation rate of three experimental orthodontic adhesives containing triclosan-loaded halloysite nanotubes. The antibacterial and bioactivity properties of such experimental materials were also assessed.

Materials and methods: Three experimental orthodontic adhesives were formulated by incorporating triclosan-loaded halloysite nanotubes (TCN-HNT) at different concentrations (5wt%, 10wt% and 20wt%) into a resin blend (Control). The maximum polymerisation rate of the tested adhesives was evaluated trough FTIR, while Raman was used to analyse the in situ degree of conversion (DC) at the bracket/enamel interface. The shear bond strength (SBS) of the enamel-bonded specimens was assessed at 24h. The antibacterial properties of the experimental materials against S. Mutans were evaluate up to 72h, while, their bioactivity was evaluated after 14days of artificial saliva (AS) storage through SEM-EDS and Raman spectromicroscopy.

Results: Incorporation of TCN-HNT increased the polymerisation properties without interfering with the immediate bonding properties of the experimental adhesives. All experimental adhesives containing TCN-HNT inhibited bacterial growth at 24h, and induced mineral deposition after 14days of AS storage. At 72h, only the experimental system containing 20% TCN-HNT maintained such a capability.

Conclusions: Adhesives doped with TCN-HNT present improved polymerisation properties and suitable bonding performance. However, only the adhesives containing TCN-HNT >10% might promote long-term antibacterial activity and reliable mineral deposition.

Clinical significance: The use of adhesives containing triclosan-loaded halloysite represents a promising "smart" approach to bond orthodontic brackets and bands; these might prevent enamel demineralisation and induce enamel remineralisation during the treatment.

Keywords: Adhesives; Antibacterial; Bioactivity; Nanotubes; Orthodontics; Triclosan.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
Bacteria / drug effects
Bacteria / growth & development
Biofilms / drug effects
Biofilms / growth & development
Clay*
Colony Count, Microbial
Dental Bonding
Dental Cements / chemistry
Dental Cements / pharmacology*
Dental Enamel / drug effects
Dental Enamel / pathology
Dental Materials
Materials Testing
Nanotubes / chemistry*
Nanotubes / ultrastructure
Orthodontic Brackets
Polymerization*
Saliva, Artificial
Shear Strength
Tensile Strength
Time Factors
Triclosan / chemistry
Triclosan / pharmacology*

Substances

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Dental Cements
Dental Materials
Saliva, Artificial
Triclosan
Clay