Functional Abnormalities and Thyroid Nodules in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease

Abstract

Background/aim: Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in the general population. Patients with ESRD with hypothyroidism are more susceptible to cardiovascular disease, with an increased risk of mortality than those with normal thyroid function. Moreover, these patients have higher incidence of benign and malignant nodules.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study on 2,147 patients with ESRD on the renal transplant waiting list between 2000 and 2015 aimed at identifying the presence of hypothyroidism and associated variables.

Results: Hypothyroidism was detected in 437/2,147 (20.3%) patients, 289 of them having the subclinical form. Cardiovascular disease and older age were significantly associated with hypothyroidism, and autosomal polycystic kidney disease was correlated to goiter (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Thyroid abnormalities, particularly hypothyroidism with nodules, should be investigated in patients with ESRD on a waiting list for renal transplant to control cardiovascular complications and cancer risk.

Keywords: Cancer; cardiovascular disease; end-stage renal disease; hypothyroidism; thyroid abnormalities; thyroid nodules; waiting list for renal transplant.