The Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane: The Key and the Lock in Revealing Vasculogenesis

In Vivo. 2017 Nov-Dec;31(6):1139-1144. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11180.

Abstract

Background/aim: To analyze the interaction between the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), in order to assess the still obscure process of vasculogenesis.

Materials and methods: We implanted hMSC onto CAM and we analyzed the morphology and the immunohistochemical profile of CAM.

Results: hMSC adhered to CAM, few of them entered the chorionic epithelium and the mesoderm and developed a CD44-/Ki67- status. hMSC stimulated the CAM mesenchymal cells (cMSC) to acquire endothelial and pericyte-like features and to generate cord/capillary-like structures (CLS) in the chorionic epithelium and the mesoderm, but they also entered these structures (CD34+/SMA (smooth muscle actin)+ hMSC). Simultaneously, hMSC induced a process of sprouting angiogenesis in the mesoderm, CD105+ hMSC being identified in the proximity of the angiogenic areas.

Conclusion: hMSC and CAM establish a genuine hotspot of vasculogenesis, which may evolve to a valuable experimental model for this research field.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; chorioallantoic membrane; mesenchymal stem cells; pericyte-like; vasculogenesis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD34 / genetics
  • Cell Adhesion / genetics*
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics*
  • Cell Lineage / genetics
  • Chick Embryo
  • Chorioallantoic Membrane / growth & development*
  • Chorioallantoic Membrane / metabolism
  • Endoglin / genetics
  • Epithelium / growth & development
  • Epithelium / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hyaluronan Receptors / genetics
  • Ki-67 Antigen / genetics
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Mesoderm / growth & development
  • Mesoderm / metabolism
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic / genetics*

Substances

  • Antigens, CD34
  • Endoglin
  • Hyaluronan Receptors
  • Ki-67 Antigen