Cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone and in combination with MK-467 or glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane

Am J Vet Res. 2017 Nov;78(11):1245-1254. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1245.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone and with each of 3 doses of MK-467 or after glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane. ANIMALS 8 healthy purpose-bred 5-year-old Beagles. PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover study, each dog received 5 premedication protocols (medetomidine [10 μg/kg, IV] alone [MED] and in combination with MK-467 at doses of 50 [MMK50], 100 [MMK100], and 150 [MMK150] μg/kg and 15 minutes after glycopyrrolate [10 μg/kg, SC; MGP]), with at least 14 days between treatments. Twenty minutes after medetomidine administration, anesthesia was induced with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg, IV) increments given to effect and maintained with isoflurane (1.2%) for 50 minutes. Cardiovascular variables were recorded, and blood samples for determination of plasma dexmedetomidine, levomedetomidine, and MK-467 concentrations were collected at predetermined times. Variables were compared among the 5 treatments. RESULTS The mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index increased following the MED treatment, and those increases were augmented and obtunded following the MGP and MMK150 treatments, respectively. Mean cardiac index for the MMK100 and MMK150 treatments was significantly greater than that for the MGP treatment. The area under the time-concentration curve to the last sampling point for dexmedetomidine for the MMK150 treatment was significantly lower than that for the MED treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated concurrent administration of MK-467 with medetomidine alleviated medetomidine-induced hemodynamic changes in a dose-dependent manner prior to isoflurane anesthesia. Following MK-467 administration to healthy dogs, mean arterial pressure was sustained at acceptable levels during isoflurane anesthesia.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Anesthesia / administration & dosage
  • Adjuvants, Anesthesia / pharmacology
  • Anesthesia / veterinary*
  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Cardiovascular System / drug effects*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology
  • Dogs*
  • Female
  • Glycopyrrolate / administration & dosage
  • Glycopyrrolate / pharmacology*
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Hemodynamics / drug effects
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
  • Isoflurane* / administration & dosage
  • Ketamine / pharmacology
  • Male
  • Medetomidine / administration & dosage
  • Medetomidine / pharmacology*
  • Premedication / veterinary*
  • Quinolizines / administration & dosage
  • Quinolizines / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Anesthesia
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Quinolizines
  • vatinoxan
  • Dexmedetomidine
  • Ketamine
  • Isoflurane
  • Medetomidine
  • Glycopyrrolate