X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to provide patient-specific anatomical information in the forms of tissue attenuation. However, the cumulative radiation induced in CT scan has raised extensive concerns in recently years. How to maintain reconstruction image quality is a major challenge for low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging. Generally, LDCT imaging can be greatly improved by incorporating prior knowledge in some specific forms. A joint estimation framework termed discriminative prior-prior image constrained compressed sensing (DP-PICCS) reconstruction is proposed in this paper. This DP-PICCS algorithm utilizes discriminative prior knowledge via two feature dictionary constraints which built on atoms from the samples of tissue attenuation feature patches and noise-artifacts residual feature patches, respectively. Also, the prior image construction relies on a discriminative feature representation (DFR) processing by two feature dictionary. Its comparison to other competing methods through experiments on low-dose projections acquired from torso phantom simulation study and clinical abdomen study demonstrated that the DP-PICCS method achieved promising improvement in terms of the effectively-suppressed noise and the well-retained structures.