Abstract
Since the discovery of penicillin, Penicillium has become one of the most attractive fungal genera for the production of bioactive molecules. Marine-derived Penicillium has provided numerous excellent pharmaceutical leads over the past decades. In this review, we focused on the cytotoxic metabolites * (* Cytotoxic potency was referred to five different levels in this review, extraordinary (IC50/LD50: <1 μM or 0.5 μg/mL); significant (IC50/LD50: 1~10 μM or 0.5~5 μg/mL); moderate (IC50/LD50: 10~30 μM or 5~15 μg/mL); mild (IC50/LD50: 30~50 μM or 15~25 μg/mL); weak (IC50/LD50: 50~100 μM or 25~50 μg/mL). The comparative potencies of positive controls were referred when they were available). produced by marine-derived Penicillium species, and on their cytotoxicity mechanisms, biosyntheses, and chemical syntheses.
Keywords:
biosynthesis; cytotoxic metabolites; marine-derived Penicillium; natural products.
MeSH terms
-
Alkaloids / chemical synthesis
-
Alkaloids / isolation & purification
-
Alkaloids / pharmacology
-
Alkaloids / therapeutic use
-
Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
-
Antineoplastic Agents / isolation & purification
-
Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
-
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
-
Aquatic Organisms / metabolism*
-
Biological Products / chemical synthesis
-
Biological Products / isolation & purification
-
Biological Products / pharmacology*
-
Biological Products / therapeutic use
-
Biotechnology / methods
-
Humans
-
Inhibitory Concentration 50
-
Lipopeptides / chemical synthesis
-
Lipopeptides / isolation & purification
-
Lipopeptides / pharmacology
-
Lipopeptides / therapeutic use
-
Neoplasms / drug therapy*
-
Oceans and Seas
-
Penicillium / metabolism*
-
Polyketides / chemical synthesis
-
Polyketides / isolation & purification
-
Polyketides / pharmacology
-
Polyketides / therapeutic use
-
Terpenes / chemical synthesis
-
Terpenes / isolation & purification
-
Terpenes / pharmacology
-
Terpenes / therapeutic use
Substances
-
Alkaloids
-
Antineoplastic Agents
-
Biological Products
-
Lipopeptides
-
Polyketides
-
Terpenes