A shared data approach more accurately represents the rates and patterns of violence with injury assaults

J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017 Dec;71(12):1218-1224. doi: 10.1136/jech-2017-209872. Epub 2017 Oct 22.

Abstract

Background: To investigate whether sharing and linking routinely collected violence data across health and criminal justice systems can provide a more comprehensive understanding of violence, establish patterns of under-reporting and better inform the development, implementation and evaluation of violence prevention initiatives.

Methods: Police violence with injury (VWI) crimed data and emergency department (ED) assault attendee data for South Wales were collected between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2016 to examine the rates and patterns of VWI. Person identifiable data (PID) were cross-referenced to establish if certain victims or events were less likely to be reported to criminal justice services.

Results: A total of 18 316 police crimed VWI victims and 10 260 individual ED attendances with an assault-related injury were considered. The majority of ED assault attendances (59.0%) were unknown to police. The key demographic identified as under-reporting to police were young males aged 18-34 years, while a significant amount of non-reported assaults involved a stranger. The combined monthly age-standardised rates were recalculated and on average were 74.7 (95% CI 72.1 to 77.2) and 66.1 (95% CI 64.0 to 68.2) per 100 000 population for males and females, respectively. Consideration of the additional ED cases resulted in a 35.3% and 18.1% increase on the original police totals for male and female VWI victims.

Conclusions: This study identified that violence is currently undermeasured, demonstrated the importance of continued sharing of routinely collected ED data and highlighted the benefits of using PID from a number of services in a linked way to provide a more comprehensive picture of violence.

Keywords: injury; prevention; record linkage; violence.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Crime Victims / statistics & numerical data*
  • Data Collection / standards*
  • Databases, Factual
  • Emergency Service, Hospital / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Information Storage and Retrieval
  • Male
  • Police / statistics & numerical data*
  • Records / statistics & numerical data*
  • Sex Distribution
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
  • Violence / prevention & control
  • Violence / statistics & numerical data*
  • Wounds and Injuries / epidemiology*
  • Young Adult