Which transfers can we avoid: Multi-state analysis of factors associated with discharge home without procedure after ED to ED transfer for traumatic injury

Abstract

Objective: Among injured patients transferred from one emergency department (ED) to another, we determined factors associated with being discharged from the second ED without procedures, or admission or observation.

Methods: We analyzed all patients with injury diagnosis codes transferred between two EDs in the 2011 Healthcare Utilization Project State Emergency Department and State Inpatient Databases for 6 states. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression evaluated the association between patient (demographics and clinical characteristics) and hospital factors, and discharge from the second ED without coded procedures.

Results: In 2011, there were a total of 48,160 ED-to-ED injury transfers, half of which (49%) were transferred to non-trauma centers, including 23% with major trauma. A total of 22,011 transfers went to a higher level of care, of which 36% were discharged from the ED without procedures. Relative to torso injuries, discharge without procedures was more likely for patients with soft tissue (OR 6.8, 95%CI 5.6-8.2), head (OR 3.7, 95%CI 3.1-4.6), facial (OR 3.8, 95%CI 3.1-4.7), or hand (OR 3.1, 95%CI 2.6-3.8) injuries. Other factors included Medicaid (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5) or uninsured (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5) status. Treatment at the receiving ED added an additional $2859 on average (95% CI $2750-$2968) per discharged patient to the total charges for injury care, not including the costs of ambulance transport between facilities.

Conclusion: Over a third of patients transferred to another ED for traumatic injury are discharged from the second ED without admission, observation, or procedures. Telemedicine consultation with sub-specialists might reduce some of these transfers.

Keywords: Health policy; Public health; Transfers; Trauma.