Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation

Chin Med J (Engl). 2017 Oct 20;130(20):2465-2472. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.216413.

Abstract

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS expression levels increased in patients with cAVM compared with those in normal cerebral vascular tissue, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS were higher in the cAVM group than in the control group, all the differences mentioned were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS are upregulated in patients with cAVM and might play important roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and migration in patients with cAVM. MMP-9, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and eNOS might be potential excellent group proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage at arteriovenous malformation.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Blotting, Western
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
  • Middle Aged
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / metabolism
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9